What are the key elements of 1940s interior design? What colors, designs, patterns and “feel” did we generally see? And why? To my mind, based on the advertising illustrations and magazine articles that I’ve seen from the period, typical designs from the immediate postwar 1940s – say, starting with 1946 – through to about 1953, had this variety of characteristics: innocent, sentimental, sunny, sanitary, patriotic, traditional, Hollywood glamour, and carryover streamline-deco-jazz age from the prewar period. Special thanks to: Bradbury & Bradbury, which made this slide for me. It also showcases one of their 1940s reproduction wallpapers.
A number of readers asked if I could share more details about the content of my recent home show talks. I did not videotape them, because they are 30 minutes long or longer — and that does not make for good video. So over the next while, I instead will break the talks down into digestible, illustrated chunks. During my talks, I pretty much always strive to put mid-century design into historical context as I display vintage illustrations. And, I usually start at the beginning: the 1940s. Disclaimer up front: I don’t have a degree in this – I’m a passionate observer, who is still “putting all the pieces into place.”
In the immediate wake of the war’s end, there was a tremendous housing shortage. I’ve read that we needed to get 6 million homes built as quickly as possible. And I’ve even seen references indicating that the government was concerned that if we didn’t deal with the housing (and jobs) situation quickly enough, America’s young men would become restless and political – in a bad way. So we built houses as fast as we could. Usually: Very small houses by today’s standards, no more than 1,000 s.f. There were material shortages given all this construction… as evidenced in the 1946 Aladdin Homes customer letter, above. I also swear I’ve read somewhere that there were prohibitions on building more than one indoor bathroom at some point… I need to find the source.
Also, in terms of design, in this immediate postwar period, the “look” still tended to be similar to that of the late 1930s and wartime period. There had also been material shortages during the war, so manufacturers had put all their new-design work on hold. A good example: After the war, when Heywood Wakefield retooled its factories to again produce furniture, its Riviera line was really just the same, but with new handles, as the Rio line produced earlier.
Because of the shortage and ramping up from 1946 until 1952, these years are generally viewed at more “40s style” than “50s style.” (In his terrific book Populuxe
Innocent: When I look at some 1940s design, I see a real sweetness. We still were a nation in which the masses did not have a lot of material affluence. No clutter, far less excess. Thanks to Kohler for this 1949 image from their archives.
Sentimental: When the war ended, the nation was immensely grateful to have their men and women all back home. It had been five years of tremendous sacrifice. I see a lot of ads like this one, that celebrate the simple pleasures in life. Wallpaper is sweet, flowery.
- Sunny: Kind of same as above. There was so much to be grateful for, that we did not necessarily need “more stuff” to be happier. One other thought is that we still were a nation with a lot of farmers and apartment dwellers – the spaces were small, money was tight, and as a result, interiors and their decorative appointments were simpler.
Sanitary: White kitchen cabinets, or wood. Remember, we still were a nation concerned about vermin and disease, including polio. When your kitchen is white, you can see the dirt. 
Patriotic: I see a lot of red-white-blue kitchen color combinations. In generally, I think I see richer colors – full-on primary colors and jewel tones – than in the later 1950s pastel period. I’ll attribute this to carryover 1930s preferences and to the influence of Hollywood, but there may have been other factors — there often are, often related to technological innovation.
Traditional: My mom, who grew up in the 40s, says the furniture was all dark wood where she lived in Pennsylvania – the influence of Europe, she recalls. Of course, we also had Heywood Wakefield blonde – but we also had colonial maple from Heywood Wakefield, Cushman, Willett and scores if not hundreds of small regional manufacturers. The more I explore the history of interior design – of all eras – the more convinced I become that: We are a traditional nation.
Hollywood glamour: Think Nick and Nora and the Thin Man. We did not get television until 1949… before that, our idols were often very glamorous. Remember women’s clothes from the 1940s – their hats and tailored suits and gloves and bags and hose, the whole very put-together thing? That’s the look I think of for 1940s bedrooms and living rooms – formal, very put together. In other rooms, we also may see large prints used on wallpaper and barkcloth pinch pleats, often tropical.
Streamline – deco – jazz age: Through to 1953, I think I see more high-contrast bathrooms. That is: black bullnose (or dark green or maroon bullnose, depending on the field tile color). Post-1953, the bullnose is less likely to be black and more likely to be the same color or a similarly toned contrast color, e.g. pink and mint, pink and robin’s egg, etc.
As part of my recent blog update… and now that I’m back from the home show… I’ll be working to ensure all stories are in the right categories so that they will be easier to search up on the blue navigation bar. Meanwhile,if the 1940s are your thing, take a look at the 1940s stories up in Browse STORIES so far.
Vintage style hooked rugs for your 1930s or 1940s home 
Quinnipiac Terrace, New Haven, Connecticut, 1942 
How to design a mid century kitchen — instructions straight from 1949 
Marimekko Unikko by Maija Isola, 1964 
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More stories about post war culture and home design:
The 10 Most Endangered Features of Midcentury Homes: 2012 report
Open thread: Top interior design trends of the 2010’s
Five vintage pastel bathrooms in this lovely 1942 capsule house — Portland, Oregon — 13 photos
Stunning, spectacular 1961 mid-century modern time capsule house in Minnesota — 66 photos!
Top-10 interior design trends for 2011? Let’s make a list
58 years in the same 1958 kitchen: Judy’s mom Doreen’s kitchen, Calgary
Click here to read all our stories in the Mid Century Culture category
The Mt. Vernon has the closest floor plan and exterior to my 1940’s beach cottage! What a relief to see it. My house has been overhauled and turned into basic housing over the decades. It needs a lot of love. A lot of the original features of the house have been ruined or pulled out entirely. We’re hoping to revive it. Seeing your readers’ comments and this post is encouraging (I may have gushed before).
History Check: Television sets were first sold; as well as programs broadcast for them; in 1939 by RCA. The first successful television image was shown in San Francisco in 1927 by a guy named Farnsworth, he was 21 yrs old.
Re bathroom floor: I have a house built in 1948 with two bathrooms. Both have black and white tiles. they are small, 3/4″ x 1 1/12 inches, They are set in a kind of basket weave pattern.
Hi Pam, your website has inspired me tremendously! I recently purchased a house built in 1941 in Honolulu, upon first glance of the interiror/exterior I thought it was very unattractive….however, the house is located in a highly desirable part of town, smack dab in the middle of town where I could walk to the beach, restaurants, etc….so I fell in love with the location and was thinking of knocking down the house. Since I read up on your website, I am now going to spruce up the kitchen with the gingham/rooster motif and ask a handyman to make the white cabinets easier to open/close. I see the beauty of the walls/windows now and will seek to refinish the windows rather than replacing! I got the ktichen/bathroom down….and I am browsing to see what the living room and bedrooms should look like!! Thank you so much Pam!! And I love it because to me modern homes with modern furnishings are nice, but not homey at all. With a ktichen/bathroom like the ones in the 40’s, it feels very cozy and homey!!
YAY! Welcome, Pauline!
Hi Pam! So….since I got the bathroom/kitchen down….I now need ideas for the bedrooms and living room. I’ve been looking at pictures on your website and also elsewhere, but I guess it’s not as easy to put together as the kitchen, where I get a very clear picture of what to do and the same with the bathroom. For the bedroom, floral wallpaper? or the colors suggested on your website? For the living room? What type of window covering would match? And the furniture….to bad all the nice/inexpensive stuff is on ebay on the E.Coast! But I’m sure It will all come together, I just need suggestions on the bedrooms and living rooms. Thanks Pam!
Thank you for this! I am in the long, slow process of restoring my 1942 800-odd sf childhood home. I have a couple of unfortunate 70’s remodels to undo and am happy to find some guidance out there.
Welcome! Get to know all the categories and subcategories within the blue navigation, above!
I’m so glad I found your site. My best friend just bought a house that was built in 1940 using the Mt. Vernon plan no. 3 above, I think. She has red laminate countertops and steel cabinetry in the kitchen and mostly original windows. Previous owners have done some “upgrades” but it retains much of the original feel. Very cool!
Please, more of this!!!
I lived in a house built in 1946 in Maize, Ks for 29 years, (’65 – ’94), then moved into a school that was built bottom half in 1944, top half with indoor plumbing 1948 & a gym, stage area in 1957. Our house in Maize was small but very well laid out. The kitchen in the school had been gutted and divided into two rooms (had become a radio station). We returned it to one room. My wall hung refrigerator is turquoise/pink interior with chrome. My stoves are pullout Tappan’s from 1961 & 1962 (Yes, two of them). We have a Craftmaster table for eating. I collect kitchen appliances dating from 1892 up to 1960’s. At this time I am working on refixing a kitchen in a house that was built in 1877 and then added onto more than once before 1900. We are having lots of fun and doing it with a zero budget.
Hey! Fab read thank you! I really love the bathroom picture-would it be okay to use this on my fb page http://www.facebook.com/retrodig ? (With a reference to your site) ? 🙂 x
you can post the link to this story. (you can’t just take the photo)
Great, thank you
I grew up in a house almost identical to the Mt. Vernon #2 plan, though it was a mirror image to it. It was also in the 80s so when they did renovations they took out the original claw-footed bathtub. I wish I could find another house available that was the same floor plan.
I was able to find the source of the Mt. Vernon advert:
cmich.edu > 1948_annual_sales_catalog:
https://www.cmich.edu/library/clarke/ResearchResources/Michigan_Material_Local/Bay_City_Aladdin_Co/Documents/1948_annual_sales_catalog.pdf#search=The%20Mt%2E%20Vernon
Thank you for this great article! We purchased our first home last year and I am researching its history. Your article is spot-on and terrific! Our floor plan is virtually identical to the Plan #2 less the basement stairs as we do not have a basement (just a crawlspace). Thanks again!
What color would be good to paint over already painted brick on a house built in 1945? It’s a light gray now and the porch needs to be repainted.
My parents’ home was built in 1950 and was more of the ’40s style. We moved out of a home built in 1900 with a claw foot tub, stained glass window on the stairway landing, and columns dividing the living room and dining room so our “new” house seemed very modern!
The kitchen had yellow painted cupboards and a red countertop. The floor was a black and white swirly linoleum. We had a Formica and chrome table and matching chairs in red and had yellow Iroquois tableware.
The main bath still had all the white original fixtures when we sold the house 55 years later with Spring green 4×4 tiles halfway up the wall. We had a powder room on the first floor which felt luxurious.
The realtor told us to leave the pretty ceiling light shades in floral and starburst patterns as it matched the era. The hardwood floors had been covered with wool wall to wall carpet in 1960, which we pulled up and the floors were still pristine.
So sad we heard the young buyer tore everything out of the bath and ditched the light covers. Wish I could have kept the house myself but I am enjoying this walk down memory lane!
Hi!
Two years ago I bought a house in a small town in north central Florida. It was built in 1949. Although I know these facts, I can find nothing about original floorplan, architect nothing. What I know is it was originally a 2 bedroom 1 bathroom and one car garage or carport.
Its made of concrete block. Interior and exterior walls are all concrete block. It sits on a concrete slab. It has window lay outs that mimic older homes. They are wood sash style. Living room, and both bedrooms have 2 windows on each exterior wall. The ceiling has been lowered 3 times.
I would love to restore it to as close as possible its original style.
Any input would be greatly appreciated.
I know this is an older post but I just have to share. We’re restoring a 1947 ranch style home. I’ve FINALLY found the ‘plan’ for it. I would love to show it, but don’t know how. It’s very cool to find the exact plan for the house you’re restoring! Exciting!
Just bought a small house built in 1948 just outside Baltimore. It has an asymmetric cat slide gable in front, which I think is somewhat unusual for the midAtlantic. It was a rental property for a number of years, so I don’t know much about it’s history. It has the dark baseboards of other similar houses I’ve seen built around the same time. It is very small – like a beach cottage, really, and the kitchen is tiny. We aren’t really near the beach, though – most of the surrounding area was farmland until recently, although of course Baltimore is a bustling port city that had a lot of factories back in the day. There are clusters of these little houses here and there not far away. Would love to learn more about it and connect with others who are interested in their history and preservation.
I have a 1940s kitchen – complete with Shirley steel cabinets. At least the sink cabinet is, an Economy 54 model based on your other post on Shirley brand cabinets. But I knew it was older than 1952 because this house was standing long before 1950. There were no such things as building permits and detailed property records before then in these parts. Its a war bungalow sitting on part of what was once a dairy farm. Built next to the original house and before the milking barn. The sink section looks just like the 1948 St. Charles kitchen above. The other cabinets aren’t quite as old and have all handles in the vertical position, but they blend in quite nicely. They’re also much larger. The original sink top was long gone in the 60s or 70s replaced by a continuous gold formica counter and stainless sink, changed to a stone formica top before I arrived a decade ago. While I would gladly pull them out and replace them with wood that doesn’t rust, I’ve grown rather fond of them. You can get 1 handle style to fit them because the holes aren’t standard spacing, but spray painted black they look just fine in my farmhouse kitchen. Thanks for posting what you do and giving me a more definite date as to when my house’s kitchen went in 🙂
Hi Tammy, thanks for writing. Your kitchen sounds darling. I am not expert enough to say how old your Shirley’s are. Your best bet re dating them would be to find brochures that show them. Then keep going back in time to try and establish intro dates and discontinuation dates, and know that your were put in sometime in between.
See this 1952 brochure: https://retrorenovation.com/2016/09/15/shirley-steel-kitchens-indianapolis-indiana/
Hi Pam – Your 1952 brochure post is the only one I found last night. That post led me to this one. If you know where there’s an archive of them, I’d love some direction!